The photos at the right show a typical example: it is impossible to simultaneously capture the colours in the sky of this sundown and the details on the ground, because this photo was taken right into the direction where the sun went down just a minute earlier. When photographing a scene with a dynamic range that exceeds what the sensor can capture, it is inevitable that parts in the photo will be either underexposed (too dark), overexposed (too bright), or both. What if using a flash is impossible or we want to capture a scene with a very large dynamic range without altering it?
Of course, this is a hack that alters the appearance of the scene. In cases where there are too extreme intensity differences, it may be possible to reduce the dynamic range by employing additional lighting (most often, by using a flash) to brighten up the underexposed objects in the scene. To avoid exceeding this range, there are the usual golden rules of photography like ensuring that bright light sources (e.g., the sun) are never directly in front of the photographer.
For normal scenes like the one in the above photo, this works well because the sensitivity range of the camera's CCD or CMOS sensor is able to capture the relevant dynamic range of such scenes.
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